The most resonant sounds result from the perfectly regular
rhythms of stars known as cepheid variables. Cepheid variables
alternately expand and contract to as much as 30 percent of their
normal size. These regular changes in size are accompanied by changes
in brightness, temperature, and spectral type.
The most irregular rhythms belong to the complex sound waves
which form so-called white noise. By definition, noise contains
waves of different frequencies, any of which has no multiple or
submultiple relationship to the others.
The most characteristic sounds are those which are
uniquely expressive or familiar. Normally, an expressive musical
pattern or phrase is underlined by psychological tensions which
directly confront the emotions of the listener. The familiar childhood
ridicule "Nah, Nah-Nah, Nah, Nah" or the most sublime melodies of
Schubert or Mozart are extreme examples. Individual sounds
with deep psychological associations will also create a strong impression,
such as the sound of a crying baby, or the roar of a wild animal.
The least characteristic sounds are those which are void
of emotional or intellectual tensions, or sounds that fail to engage
our attention at all. These sounds may be physically soothing, such
as the constant lapping of ocean waves on the beach, flat monotonic
utterances of speech, or commercial ambient sounds.
The most intense sounds are shock waves. Shock waves
travel at supersonic speeds and are produced by small disturbances
such as the bursting of a balloon or small explosion, or by large
disturbances such as a flash of lightning causing a thunderous sound,
a foreign object such as an airship or meteorite traveling at supersonic
speed, or by various chemical or nuclear explosions. The most
intense sounds are standing shock waves, produced by the
rotation of stars or galaxies, and by stellar explosions including
supernovas.